Insights
Patent and Trademark Office Issues New Guidelines for Examination of Trademark Applications
On 30 September 2019 the Patent and Trademark O ce announced the issuance of new guidelines for the examination of trademark applications The new guidelines are limited to examination on absolute grounds The guidelines include a number of examples from Turkish and EU decisions Following the entry into force of the Turkish Industrial Property Code, which replaced the relevant decree laws, on 10 January 2017, new guidelines had long been needed and awaited. The Turkish Patent… »
EBAY Recorded As a Well-Known Trademark in Turkey
The Re-examination and Evaluation Board of TURKPATENT has acknowledged that EBAY should be recorded as a well-known trademark in Turkey The board took into account the status of the mark around the world and in Turkey, with a focus on the realities of the Turkish marketplace It is important to appeal unfavourable first-instance decisions to take advantage of the REEB examiners’ experience and broad understanding of trademarks Background Well-known status provides extensive… »
Conversion of a Non-Examined Patent to an Examined Patent During Court Proceedings
A Turkish company active in the automotive sector filed a patent infringement action against a German global automotive company. The Turkish company alleged that a system used in the cars of the German company was infringing its non-examined patent granted by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (‘TPTO’). As a counter-attack, the German company and its Turkish authorized dealer filed an invalidation action against the non-examined patent in question before the same Court.… »
Communique on Share-based Crowdfunding and What It Brings to Turkish Crowdfunding Market
Raising capital through crowdfunding for business ventures has been an applied method for financing start-ups and business projects in Turkey since the recent change on the Capital Markets Code numbered 6362 in 2017 which recognized crowdfunding. Having regulated the basic norms and rules surrounding crowdfunding, the detailed and more rigorous norms were released by Capital Markets Board in the form of a Communique on 3 October 2019, titled Communique on Share-based… »
Survival of Parties’ Will for Penalty Clauses in Employment Contracts
Penalty clauses agreed for unjust termination of a fixed term employment contract before its expiry are valid and enforceable even if the contract is deemed as an indefinite term employment contract by law due to lack of conditions required to conclude fixed term contracts. With its decision dated 8 March 2019 and numbered 2017/10 E., 2019/1 K., the Supreme Court General Assembly on the Unification of Judgments (“General Assembly”) concluded that penalty clauses agreed for… »
Having Business in the Same Sector is Sufficient for Proving “Legal Interest”
With its decision dated 31.01.2019, General Assembly of Civil Chambers of the Court of Cassation concluded that having business activity in the same sector of both the plaintiff and the defendant is sufficient to accept presence of legal interest in actions with a revocation request of a trademark based on non – use. In the lawsuit filed before Istanbul (Closed) 4th Intellectual and Industrial Rights Civil Court in 2012, the defendant’s trademark was requested to be revoked… »
New Trade Mark Examination Guideline in Turkey
On 30 September 2019, the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office published The New Trademark Examination Guideline that defines the criteria regarding the examination of trade mark applications on absolute grounds within the scope of the Industrial Property Code that came into force in 2017. The main purpose of the Guideline is to update the previous guideline which was in force since 2011, clarify the principles of absolute grounds for refusal that are explained in the IP Code… »
Reviewing Appraisal Rights in Turkey
Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 (TCC), which entered into force on July 1, 2012, brought many novelties to form a modern vision of commercial law, whereas the former rules were inadequate to meet the needs of the practice. The focus was mainly on transparency, auditability, and equivalence among shareholders, and the relevant legislation has adopted new principles with respect to corporate governance and shareholders’ rights. As part of these novelties, the TCC provides… »
Distribution and Marketing of Drugs 2019 in Turkey
Distribution Pre-conditions for distribution 1. What are the legal pre-conditions for a drug to be distributed within the jurisdiction? Authorisation Under the Regulation on Licensing of Medicinal Products for Human Use (Official Gazette No. 25705 of 19 January 2005), no medicinal product for human use can be marketed unless it is licensed in Turkey. The licence is issued by the Medicines and Medical Devices Agency (Agency) of the Ministry of Health For placing the product on… »
Declaration of Non-Infringement Can Be Rejected in Absence of Marketing Authorisation
The Courts of Appeal have now ruled that the plaintiff of a determination of non-infringement of patent action (a Gx or generic pharmaceutical company) had no legal benefit in filing such an action before a marketing authorisation (MA) was granted for its generic application, which was pending before the Ministry of Health. Until this decision the IP courts used to accept and examine determination of non-infringement actions from Gx companies even if they had pending MA… »
Determination of Non-Infringement Action Is To Be Rejected If Marketing Authorisation Is Not Granted Yet
As per Article 154 of the Turkish IP Law any person who has a legal interest can file an action to have the Court determine that his acts do not constitute an infringement of the intellectual property rights of a rights owner. For a quite long time patent owners were squeezed between conflicting approaches in the implementation of, on the one hand, the legal interest condition in determination of non-infringement actions (DNI), and, on the other hand, the Bolar exemption in… »